Rift valley fever virus pdf file

Majiwa a comparative genome analysis of rift valley fever virus isolates from foci of the disease outbreak in south africa in 20082010. Rift valley fever fact sheet pennsylvania department of. During rvf epizootics isolation of the virus from animals and mosquito vectors is not difficult. Rift valley fever results from infection by the rift valley fever virus, an rna virus in the genus phlebovirus in the family bunyaviridae.

Rvf is generally found in regions of eastern and southern africa where sheep and cattle are raised, but the virus exists in most of sub. There are several genetic lineages of this virus, some of which may cocirculate, in endemic regions. Rift valley fever rvf is an acute arthropodjborne virus infection with a wide. Molecular epidemiology and emergence of rift valley fever scielo.

Rift valley fever rvf is an acute, fever causing viral disease most commonly observed in domesticated animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, with the ability to infect and cause illness in humans. Another commonly known bunyaviridae virus is the hantavirus. Structure of the rift valley fever virus nucleocapsid. This direct contact can occur during slaughter or butchering, while caring for sick animals, during veterinary procedures like assisting an animal with giving birth. It is the cause of severe disease in small stock resulting in high mortality and abortion storms particularly in sheep and goats. Rift valley fever virus rvfv is highly contagious to humans producing fever, and flulike symptoms visual disturbances during the infection can be a clue to the diagnosis of rvf. Rift valley fever virus rvfv is a zoonotic vectorborne infection and. It is also spread by direct contact with blood, fluids, or tissues of infected animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels. Implementation manual for the national epidemiological. Rvf was first reported in 1931 by daubney, hudson, and garnham as an outbreak of enzootic hepatitis observed in the rift valley.

Genetic analysis of viruses associated with emergence of rift valley fever in saudi arabia and yemen, 20002001. Rift valley fever in domestic ruminants results in abortion and high rates of mortality, especially among young animals. Relevance of rift valley fever to public health in the european union. Rvf is a member of the human haemorrhagic fever group of viruses, such as. Most people with rvf do not feel sick or have only mild illness. Rift valley fever rvf is an illness caused by a virus that is spread through mosquito bites. Rift valley fever disease directory travelers health. Rift valley fever rvf is an acute viral disease that can cause severe disease in domestic animals such as buffalo, camels, cattle, goats and sheep and humans.

The disease is caused by rvf virus rvfv, a member of the genus phlebovirus in the family bunyaviridae. Venezuelan equine encephalitis and rift valley fever, 69 cryptosporidiosis, 70 creutzfeldtjakob disease, 71 severe invasive streptococcal infection, 72 acquired immunodeficiency. Many of the related bunyaviridae viruses can cause fever and encephalitis. Sheep and cattle are the primary hosts and the amplifiers of this virus. Rift valley fever is a primarily mosquitoborne, multispecies zoonotic viral disease of which the causative organism, rift valley fever virus, was first isolated in the early 1930s in the rift valley in kenya. Rift valley fever rvf is a mosquitoborne viral disease which manifested itself. Rift valley fever, enzootic hepatitis, slenkdalkoors afrik.

The purpose of this pocketbook is to provide clear guidance on current best. People usually get rift valley fever through contact with blood, body fluids, or tissues of infected animals, mainly livestock such as cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, and camels. In nature, rvf virus maintains itself in aedes mosquitoes eggs and in a cycle involving mosquitoes and livestock. Resources mmwr rift valley fever outbreak kenya, november 2006 january 2007 mmwr rift valley fever east africa, 19971998 viral special pathogens branch outbreaks. The transmission potential of rift valley fever virus among livestock. The virus which causes rvf belongs to the genus phlebovirus in.

Rift valley fever is a mosquito and aerosolborne disease of livestock and humans in subsaharan africa and is caused by rift valley fever virus rvfv. Disease in these species is characterized by fever, severe illness, abortions, and a high morbidity and mortality rate. In humans, rift valley fever is typically a selflimited febrile. Rvf virus infection is transmitted and to formulate effective measures for reducing the number of infect ions. Rift valley fever rvf is an acute, fevercausing viral disease most commonly observed in domesticated animals such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, goats, and camels, with the ability to infect and cause illness in humans. Recognizing rift valley fever food and agriculture organization of. Introduction to rift valley fever world health organization. The overwintering strategies of viruses, such as rvfv, in vectors.